What we see results from images sent from our eyes to the brain. When everything works correctly, the brain simultaneously receives images from the two eyes. It is known as binocular vision. 
 

The image sent by each eye is slightly different, but the brain can harmonize eye movements. When eyes are not aligned, they fail to send a single image, which can lead to binocular vision dysfunction (BVD). 

Binocular Vision Dysfunction
 

Binocular vision dysfunction occurs when the eyes are out of alignment and cannot send a clear picture to the brain. Usually vertical, the misalignment strains the eye muscles as they attempt to correct the alignment. The condition can cause eyestrain, neck tension, headaches, motion sickness, dizzy spells, and panic attacks. Patients also experience blurry vision and light sensitivity. 

Signs of Binocular Vision Dysfunction 

Some signs can indicate that a patient has BVD. These include:
 

• Blurry vision

• Double vision

• Headaches

• Dizziness

• Light sensitivity

• Nausea

• Eyestrain or fatigue

• Motion sickness

• Problems with balance

• Poor depth perception
   

People with BVD may have difficulties reading or understanding texts. 

Diagnosing Binocular Vision Dysfunction

A vision assessment can determine if an individual has BVD. A comprehensive binocular vision exam allows the doctor to assess the patient’s visual skills. Tests include:
 

• Eye movement tests check how eyes move to improve visual clarity or reduce blur

• Eye teaming can determine if the eyes work together correctly or in coordination

• Eye focusing examines how eye muscles relax and respond to light for visual clarity

• Visual perception checks if the patient can interpret the environment through light rays entering the eyes

• Eye convergence tests check if the eyes move simultaneously when focusing on a single object or word

• Binocular fusion checks if the brain can collect information from each eye and blend it into a single image

• Visual processing speed determines how long it takes the brain to interpret the things around it

• Depth perception tests whether an individual can see objects in three dimensions

• Visual integration checks how visual skills work together

• Eye resting position checks the eye position when the eye muscles are immobile or relaxed
   

The assessment can help determine if a patient has the slightest misalignment that can cause BVD symptoms. The tests are vital to avoid a misdiagnosis. 

Candidates for BVD Assessment 

Binocular vision testing is necessary for people who find it difficult to perform their daily duties. BVD can make it hard to drive, read, and perform other tasks due to blurry vision and other symptoms. 
 

People who experience motion sickness, disorientation, frequent migraines, and other visual issues need a BVD assessment. Symptoms of BVD vary widely among individuals, making diagnosis tricky. 

BVD Assessments vs. Comprehensive Eye Exams

A BVD evaluation is different from a comprehensive eye exam. Eye exams help detect signs of eye diseases and common vision conditions. They help in the diagnosis and treatment of vision conditions. 
 

They can see, treat, and manage ocular diseases but usually do not diagnose BVD. Many people who have been told they have normal vision have BVD. Getting an accurate diagnosis can help you get effective treatment. 

For more on how BVD is diagnosed, contact Blink Eyecare and Eyewear at our Charlotte, North Carolina office. Call (704) 817-3800 to schedule an appointment today.